Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Chemical Characterisation and in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Eight Faba Bean Varieties

doi: 10.3390/ani10030398

Figure Lengend Snippet: Weight of 1000 seeds of faba bean varieties (g).

Article Snippet: Maximum fermentation rate (R max , mL/h) and time at which it occurs (T max , h) were also calculated: (3) R m a x = A ∗ B C ∗ B ∗ T m a x ( B − 1 ) [ 1 + ( C B ∗ T m a x − B ) 2 ] (4) T m a x = C ∗ [ ( B − 1 ) ( B + 1 ) ] 1 / B , Seed size, chemical data, fermentation characteristics, and model parameters were statistically compared between faba bean varieties [JMP® 1989–2007, Version 9.0, Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.] using the model: (5) y i j = μ + V a r i + ε i j , where y is the single datum, μ the mean, Var the variety (substrate) effect (i = 8) and ε the error term.

Techniques:

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Chemical Characterisation and in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Eight Faba Bean Varieties

doi: 10.3390/ani10030398

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical composition on dry matter basis of faba bean varieties.

Article Snippet: Maximum fermentation rate (R max , mL/h) and time at which it occurs (T max , h) were also calculated: (3) R m a x = A ∗ B C ∗ B ∗ T m a x ( B − 1 ) [ 1 + ( C B ∗ T m a x − B ) 2 ] (4) T m a x = C ∗ [ ( B − 1 ) ( B + 1 ) ] 1 / B , Seed size, chemical data, fermentation characteristics, and model parameters were statistically compared between faba bean varieties [JMP® 1989–2007, Version 9.0, Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.] using the model: (5) y i j = μ + V a r i + ε i j , where y is the single datum, μ the mean, Var the variety (substrate) effect (i = 8) and ε the error term.

Techniques: Starch

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Chemical Characterisation and in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Eight Faba Bean Varieties

doi: 10.3390/ani10030398

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro fermentation characteristics of faba bean varieties; dOM = organic matter degradability (% of incubated OM; p = 0.0007); OMCV = cumulative volume of gas related to incubated OM (mL/g; p = 0.0004). For each parameter: A–C = p < 0.01. Error bar = standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Maximum fermentation rate (R max , mL/h) and time at which it occurs (T max , h) were also calculated: (3) R m a x = A ∗ B C ∗ B ∗ T m a x ( B − 1 ) [ 1 + ( C B ∗ T m a x − B ) 2 ] (4) T m a x = C ∗ [ ( B − 1 ) ( B + 1 ) ] 1 / B , Seed size, chemical data, fermentation characteristics, and model parameters were statistically compared between faba bean varieties [JMP® 1989–2007, Version 9.0, Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.] using the model: (5) y i j = μ + V a r i + ε i j , where y is the single datum, μ the mean, Var the variety (substrate) effect (i = 8) and ε the error term.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Chemical Characterisation and in Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Eight Faba Bean Varieties

doi: 10.3390/ani10030398

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro fermentation characteristics of faba bean varieties.

Article Snippet: Maximum fermentation rate (R max , mL/h) and time at which it occurs (T max , h) were also calculated: (3) R m a x = A ∗ B C ∗ B ∗ T m a x ( B − 1 ) [ 1 + ( C B ∗ T m a x − B ) 2 ] (4) T m a x = C ∗ [ ( B − 1 ) ( B + 1 ) ] 1 / B , Seed size, chemical data, fermentation characteristics, and model parameters were statistically compared between faba bean varieties [JMP® 1989–2007, Version 9.0, Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.] using the model: (5) y i j = μ + V a r i + ε i j , where y is the single datum, μ the mean, Var the variety (substrate) effect (i = 8) and ε the error term.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Body weight, food portion, and body condition score (BCS) of dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation, or normal (NP) vs. high (HP) protein commercial diets for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral glucose tolerance test in dogs fed either normal (NP) vs. high protein (HP) commercial diets ( A ), or low vs. high tannin fava beans-based diets without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation ( B ). Eight mixed-gender, neutered beagles were fed the NP or HP diets during the first and sixth months, respectively. From months 2 to 5, using a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design, 4 diets differing in fava bean variety and fermentation were compared as follows: low tannin-UF, low tannin-FM, high tannin-UF, high tannin-FM. Glucose levels correspond to baseline (0 min) and 30 min post-feeding glucose solution. a–c: Bars with different lowercase letters differ ( p ≤ 0.05).

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Red (RBC; A ) and white (WBC; B ) blood cell counts in dogs fed low vs. high tannin fava beans-based diets without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation. From months 2 to 5, using a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design, eight mixed-gender, neutered beagles were fed 4 diets differing in fava bean variety and fermentation as follows: low tannin-UF, low tannin-FM, high tannin-UF, high tannin-FM. a,b: Bars with different lowercase letters ( p ≤ 0.05). c,d: Bars with different lowercase letters ( p ≤ 0.10).

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood indicators of hepatic function in dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation, or normal (NP) vs. high (HP) protein commercial diets for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood electrolytes (mmol/L) of dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation, or normal (NP) vs. high (HP) protein commercial diets for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood lipase content in dogs fed either low or high tannin fava bean-based diets without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation. From months 2 to 5, using a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design, eight mixed-gender, neutered beagles were fed 4 diets differing in fava bean variety and fermentation as follows: low tannin-UF, low tannin-FM, high tannin-UF, high tannin-FM. a,b: Bars with different lowercase letters differ ( p ≤ 0.05).

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cardiovascular function parameters of dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation, or normal (NP) vs. high (HP) protein commercial diets for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apparent total tract digestibility of dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma amino acid levels (nmol/mL) of dogs fed diets formulated with either low or high tannin fava beans without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation, or normal (NP) vs. high (HP) protein commercial diets for one month each.

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: The Effects of Fermentation of Low or High Tannin Fava Bean-Based Diets on Glucose Response, Cardiovascular Function, and Fecal Bile Acid Excretion during a 28-Day Feeding Period in Dogs: Comparison with Commercial Diets with Normal vs. High Protein

doi: 10.3390/metabo11120878

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fecal bile acid content in dogs fed either low or high tannin fava bean-based diets without (UF) or with (FM) fermentation. From months 2 to 5, using a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design, eight mixed-gender, neutered beagles were fed 4 diets differing in fava bean variety and fermentation as follows: low tannin-UF, low tannin-FM, high tannin-UF, high tannin-FM. a,b: Bars with different lowercase letters differ ( p ≤ 0.05).

Article Snippet: For companion animals, despite the increased interest in incorporating fava beans in their diets, there are still concerns about potential toxicity from anti-nutritional factors [ ], which prevent fava bean’s approval as a feed ingredient for pet food by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Ecology

Article Title: Plant genetic variation mediates an indirect ecological effect between belowground earthworms and aboveground aphids

doi: 10.1186/s12898-014-0025-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: The model system used in this study consisted of four varieties of the broad bean plant ( Vicia faba ), with two aphid species ( Aphis fabae and Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and earthworms (presence or absence). Through this we were able to study direct and indirect effects of above-belowground interactions.

Article Snippet: The experimental aphids were reared on Vicia faba variety ‘The Sutton ’ from Nickerson Zwaan, UK ( www.hazera.com ) in a climate chamber at 21°C 16:8 hours (light:dark) prior to use in the experiment.

Techniques: